In recent discussions about technology, I've come to feel that there's a persistent and flawed belief in "technical utopianism" - not the beautiful future of 2050 kind - but the idea that we can use technology to solve political problems.
For example, we might think that tools like ICEBlock can solve the issue of ICE, or that duress PINs on GrapheneOS can protect whistleblowers, or that VPNs in China can defeat censorship. While these technologies can certainly help mitigate specific challenges, they don't address the underlying political issues. They also often backfire - ICEBlock could theoretically be subpoenaed, duress PIN use can come with mandatory prison sentences, VPNs in China can be detected and blocked at a network level, then traced back to your SIM card.
Historically, technological solutions alone have not resolved political problems. At best, they act as temporary workarounds. To believe otherwise risks oversimplifying complex social and political dynamics, which contributes to the us-versus-them, good-versus-evil narrative that almost never holds in reality. The banning of technological solutions does not necessarily push us towards a more authoritarian future, but forces us to confront reality without a band-aid.
This also causes any restraint on such technological solutions to become rather confused. For example, the article calls out Apple for blocking and removing VPNs in China as "evil." Tell me, what's the alternative? Apple defies the Chinese government, allows VPNs, gets iPhones blocked from all carrier networks in seconds, has their Chinese employees arrested, and almost everyone is forced to use spyware-infested Huawei devices? Amazing moral stand there. Same with ICEBlock - if Apple didn't ban it, who is to say their server company, or the author himself, wouldn't receive a visit?
I have immense respect for astrophysicists, but the data we're dealing with is extremely far away and relies on a lot of interlocking assumptions.
I stumbled upon this paper [1, 2] last night that challenges the CMB, and thus the underpinning of much of our understanding about the age and evolution of the universe. As a layperson, I don't know the impact factor of the "Nuclear Physics B" journal - if this is just junk or if this is a claim that will pan out.
My point is that it feels like we're building on a lot of observations that are all super indirect. I know I'm just a layperson, but that feels weird when reading assertions about these things.
Our understanding of the universe is relatively new. We don't have a lot of energy or resolution in our observations. The fact that we can sniff the molecular spectra of exoplanets is so amazing and that part feels totally concrete and rock-solid. But I get skeptical when I see claims that we know how the universe began or how it will end. Is our evidence that good? Are our models? Are we basing everything on assumptions?
Linux is a complete mess that may likely never get fixed. The problem is people. It is a representation of democracy: a messy combination of half-arsed solutions that forms a workable cohesive. This is not a valid competitor to the Mac. It is a compromise.
Lets take Ubuntu as an example. Today you can get Ubuntu laptops that will work out of the box. Is that true tomorrow? Absolutely not. The next distro version will break something in the hardware. I have been burned by this twice now. At then end of the day the Apple premium is not really a premium. It ensures that they continue to support their legacy hardware for years. The people who bash the premium as some sort of "idiot tax" are actually valuing the software that runs on the machine at 0$. There are too many people in this world that don't understand how much effort it takes to create and maintain good reliable software. You see it on the app store where people can't fathom spending 99 cents and you see it in the bashing of Apple devices.
Lets assume that your hardware works beautifully with the current version. Then you actually look at the apps shipped with the distro. They are poorly made and do not form a cohesive OS. You are forced to hunt for other open source equivalents to basic stuff like "paint". Have you tried using the calculator or notepad equivalents? They suck compared the simple and easy to use Windows and Mac equivalents. This is something even Windows gets right. It comes from the fact that Canonical does not have the resources to build each app around a unified design and UX principle so they farm it out to the "open source community".
Finally, why do each distro version seem to break something on the same hardware year after year? There seems to be a serious lack of regression testing on these distros. For 10+ years I have witnessed how one version of Ubuntu breaks some stuff, fixes others and then the next version fixes some stuff but breaks previous working items. Then it gets worse, the subsequent version breaks previously fixed stuff again! I am forced to QA the entire OS every time a new release comes out and hope I don't miss something(which I always do)!
> they match, more or less, those of UNIX's philosophy
1. Good design is innovative
UNIX innovated by simplifying Multics -
throwing away ring security and PL/I's memory safety features.
Linux innovated by cloning UNIX, giving it away for free,
and avoiding the lawsuit that sidelined BSD.
2. Good design makes a product useful
Yet somehow people managed to use UNIX anyway.
3. Good design is aesthetic
UNIX threw away clear, long-form command forms and kept
short, cryptic abbreviations like "cat" (short for "felis cattus")
and "wc" (short for "toilet").
Its C library helpfully abbreviates "create" as "creat",
because vowels are expensive.
4. Good design makes a product understandable
See #3
5. Good design is unobtrusive
That's why UNIX/Linux enthusiasts spend so much time
configuring their systems rather than using them.
6. Good design is honest
The UNIX name indicates it is missing something
present in Multics. Similarly, "Linux" is the
gender-neutralized form of "Linus".
7. Good design is long-lasting
Like many stubborn diseases, UNIX has proven hard to eradicate.
8. Good design is thorough down to the last detail
UNIX/Linux enthusiasts love using those details
to try to figure out how to get Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
and GPU support partially working on their laptops.
9. Good design is environmentally-friendly
Linux recycles most of UNIX's bad ideas, and many
of its users/apologists.
10. Good design is as little design as possible
Linux beats UNIX because it wasn't designed at all.
This is a set of NAND chips on a PCB, nothing special. They directly attach to the NAND controller on the SoC, which means as long as you stay within the capabilities of the controller, you could use other chips.
Third party boards have already been designed and made, and they work. The main issue is that people don't really know much about NAND, so they assume it's like an SSD (it's not) or eMMC (it's not) where you plug it in and some hardware magic turns it into a disk (it doesn't).
What happens here is that the secure enclave, cryptographic accelerator and flash controllers are all packaged together. This gives you sick speeds and performance while also making it more secure than your average OPAL TCG trash that often isn't even implemented at all.
To make the embedded flash controller work with the NAND, you need two things:
- NAND chips that actually work with the controller. Not all chips do, especially low-end crappy bulk NAND chips won't do. People keep track of the NAND chips that apple uses and you can buy those and it will be fine
- The data in the NAND needs to make sense (so either have it empty or populate it ahead of time)
- Using USB-C you tell the embedded controller to revive and it will setup the NAND for you, this is available to anyone (so not locked behind some secret sauce).
In a way, this is similar to having a classic SSD, replacing the NAND chips on that SSD, and then telling the SSD controller that it has new NAND chips. Or to having a really old MFM/RLL hard drive before IDE and SCSI existed.
The storage device really is just dumb storage and the smarts are all in the controller. While we have moved this around back and forth a few times over the years, there is no conclusive benefit to one or the other. Having more smarts on the device means there is also more problems/variability on the now 'smarter' device. This is especially problematic during data recovery, or when you want your data storage to be trustworthy.
The reason Apple does this is the same reason as ever: if they feel like this is the best way to make some sort of experience work, they will do it. And if they make fat stacks of cash in the process, they aren't going to be sad about it. This is something that isn't exclusive to Apple, but most manufacturers don't have to luxury to design their own hardware, they have to integrate with a lot of partners, use reference designs or maybe even outsource their hardware to some white label manufacturer. This is also why you see more glue, foam pads, smaller components etc all over the industry: it gets the manufactured devices to do the thing they want it to do. If PCs became modular in the process, that was a side-effect, not much of a goal. (The goal was to upsell crap later down the line so your market is bigger)
As for pricing, that is just whatever the market will bear and not all that much related to the cost of raw material. This is of course not new and is default practice in most commercial businesses. So cheap components does not equal cheap products. (but cheap components might equal low quality products in some cases)
For example, we might think that tools like ICEBlock can solve the issue of ICE, or that duress PINs on GrapheneOS can protect whistleblowers, or that VPNs in China can defeat censorship. While these technologies can certainly help mitigate specific challenges, they don't address the underlying political issues. They also often backfire - ICEBlock could theoretically be subpoenaed, duress PIN use can come with mandatory prison sentences, VPNs in China can be detected and blocked at a network level, then traced back to your SIM card.
Historically, technological solutions alone have not resolved political problems. At best, they act as temporary workarounds. To believe otherwise risks oversimplifying complex social and political dynamics, which contributes to the us-versus-them, good-versus-evil narrative that almost never holds in reality. The banning of technological solutions does not necessarily push us towards a more authoritarian future, but forces us to confront reality without a band-aid.
This also causes any restraint on such technological solutions to become rather confused. For example, the article calls out Apple for blocking and removing VPNs in China as "evil." Tell me, what's the alternative? Apple defies the Chinese government, allows VPNs, gets iPhones blocked from all carrier networks in seconds, has their Chinese employees arrested, and almost everyone is forced to use spyware-infested Huawei devices? Amazing moral stand there. Same with ICEBlock - if Apple didn't ban it, who is to say their server company, or the author himself, wouldn't receive a visit?