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> Government support won't work for OSS at scale — it's too globally decentralized... We recently received US 501(c)(3) tax-exempt charity status.

If this is successful in the first iteration, I'd love to see a UK and EU based charities too. That would allow european donors to support on a gross pay basis, and may simplify grants to european nationals too. (I'm sure similar things apply in other jurisdictions too.)


Thanks, Alex. Ticketed here:

https://github.com/osendowment/foundation/issues/26

Will take some time ofc but good to plant the seed now. :)


OSE actually has it on its roadmap: https://github.com/osendowment/foundation/blob/main/roadmap....

Most likely we won't create our own subsidiaries, but will partner with local nonprofits (suggestions are welcome), which could make donations tax-deductible for UK/EU residents.

As for grants, we are totally fine with supporting European open source maintainers now. OSE has a global scope, limited only by the available payment infra and US regulations.


> will partner with local nonprofits

mmh. be very careful when choosing those. Esp. in former socialistic countries, and esp. in some of them (hint), where $$$ scheming has become bread-and-butter of the.. kind-of-former-but-new aparatchiks.. it's like an official mafia. Electrically speaking, they manage to find ways to ground and leech on any potential.. $100 or $100M alike.

otherwise - great initiative. The Commons (as of ivan ilich) need support and care in order to be .. there when needed.


Sure - we donate our own money to this endowment fund and carefully choose partners who have a solid reputation and can deliver maximum efficiency. I don't think we will have any of them in former socialist countries,except for those based in Berlin :)

There is already NLNet and other charities in the EU for funding FOSS.

I'm not going to comment on the security implications of either situation, but is there a companion piece by the facilities team complaining about the amount of paperwork required to install turnstiles only for a software engineer to come along and lock them out of Jira on a whim?

There are 3 mines on Manhattan; is that correct?

Based on the info if you click into them, likely no. I would have expected them to be incidental materials from tunneling, but reading the description that's not the case.

Quarries?

Apologies if this is obvious and I missed it. Does this define a way to store the strings in various languages?

I think this is just the format and specification itself, language selection and file storage and the like will depend on an implementing library. The i18next version for example (bizarrely) puts the whole string in a JSON key, but to be honest I think this is a bad example: https://github.com/i18next/i18next-icu?tab=readme-ov-file#mo...

Here is a proposal for a message resource format on top of MF2.0 - https://github.com/eemeli/message-resource-wg

You can have 240V outlets too... at least, a lot of woodworkers seem to install them in their garages. Are they legal in the kitchen?


Yes, but it's hard to find the 240V appliances here except for clothes dryers, ovens, or built-in ranges/cooktops. Since a full induction cooktop is very expensive, most people who have induction will have a single portable hob.


Would this be effective at smaller volumes? Could it get down to say the size of a washing machine for use at home?


Very unlikely. All the technologies involved work best at scale; for example, the area-to-volume ratio of the liquid gas storage vessel is a critical parameter to keep energy losses low.


Also, parasitic losses in engines tend to be proportionally lower as the engines get bigger.

Compare the thermal efficiency of marine diesel engines to their automotive equivalents, for instance.


The turbines would have to spin at very high speeds at those sizes to be efficient.


I'm probably one of the least educated software engineers on LLMs, so apologies if this is a very naive question. Has anyone done any research into just using words as the tokens rather than (if I understand it correctly) 2-3 characters? I understand there would be limitations with this approach, but maybe the models would be smaller overall?


The way modern tokenizers are constructed is by iteratively doing frequency analysis of arbitrary length sequences using a large corpus. So what you suggested is already the norm, tokens aren't n-grams. Words and any sequence really that is common enough will already be one token only, the less frequent a sequence is the more tokens it needs. That's the Byte-pair encoding algorithm:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte-pair_encoding

It's also not lossy compression at all, it's lossless compression if anything, unlike what some people have claimed here.

Shocking comments here, what happened to HN? People are so clueless it reads like reddit wtf


Thanks, that's really interesting. Do they correct for spelling mistakes or internationalised spellings? For example, does `colour` and `color` end up in the same token stream?


No it just looks at exact character sequences, try it out yourself here: https://platform.openai.com/tokenizer


You will need dictionaries with millions of tokens, which will make models much larger. Also, any word that has too low frequency to appear in the dictionary is now completely unknown to your model.


Along with the other commenter, the reason the dictionary would start getting so big is that words with a stem would have all its variations being different tokens (cat, cats, sit, sitting, etc). Also any out-of-dictionary words or combo words, eg. "cat bed" would not be able to be addressed.


presumably anyone tokenizing chinese characters, which are basically entire words.


> charging in rubles is most probably confusing, and that a flat $10 usd/month would be easier

As a Brit, I'd rather GBP...

Isn't this comment a form of US defaultism?


for sure, my point was that usd would already be "better" (more common) than rubles - but yes, 'localized' currencies would be great too (although setting up "adaptive pricing" is a task in itself). baby steps :-)


As a rabbit, I'd rather carrots...

Isn't this comment a form of Brit defaultism?


My point was more about the original comment is fine from the perspective of an American, but for the rest of the world, it doesn’t really matter if it is USD or rubles - it’s still a foreign transaction. I appreciate that for a large percentage of the world, consumers can probably do an approximation of the USD conversion in their head, and not a rubles one, and therefore, USD may be more friendly. That being said, the sales page has already got the approximation in USD anyway, which would be enough for me.


I'd imagine most English-speaking internet users have gotten used to doing local-to-USD conversions. As someone in the US, I usually know about where CAD, AUD, and GBP are relative to me.

Even if you don't know the conversion, something in the range of 50-200% is a lot easier to adjust to, whereas Rubles are on a very different scale (1 GBP = 108 Rubles)

Obviously the ideal would be local listings, but USD is probably the most-familiar reference point if you have to choose exactly one


I have to agree.. given the amount of international business transacted in USD it's a pretty well known currency secondary in most of the world followed by EU then Chinese Yuan and GBP. That said, being in the US can't say how widespread rough translation values of Yuan are to most people outside the Asian/Pacific region.


That implies that all currencies have the same connotation. USD/Pounds/Euros seems much more not scammy to me tha baht or rubles. Especially the latter ones would prevent me from paying in that. Russia is a scam nation.


USD and rubles are definitely not the same from my euro using perspective.


But what if my battery runs out?


They are verbose and vague about it: "Some passengers may be concerned about what they can do if they lose their phone or of their devices run out of battery before the pass board the aircraft. Ryanair has said they will assist people experiencing difficulties free of charge at the gate gathering their information and flight details which will be cross-checked and validated against the flight manifest so that they can board as normal."


Of course-- there will be accommodations to start out with. Then, after the new system has become "just the way things work," the accommodations will be removed for security or efficiency or some other reason.

Or maybe not. I've never lost a boarding pass, but if you lose one, you can get it re-issued somewhere, right?


Without endorsement of the behavior, here's a guy getting arrested for being argumentative about not having a boarding pass in the app, and being told he can't pay their 5 dollar boarding pass print fee with cash.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QwwPmHyuEA

Again, being argumentative like this never helps, but it will be you either go along with it, get escorted out or not fly in the first place.


Morally, this guy did nothing wrong. These abusive practices need to be stood up to. I'd rather live in a world where this sort of vehement NO when someone with power tries to pull something unreasonable, like demanding an app or fee, is common and effective, than this world where companies and governments can just steamroll people. Ideally, other passengers would see what's going on, see the systemic problem (even if minor in this case), and also join in in the NO. Make the terminal unusable with an angry growing mass until they decide to be reasonable. The comments on that youtube video mocking the guy and not even addressing the airline's unreasonable policy are also an absurd lack of solidarity against these companies. When someone is mad they probably have a reason to be mad and we ought to listen to them and then get mad too if we agree, other than just dismissing someone for feeling an emotion, lest we'll just have more and more rights, privileges, and respect eroded. We need a culture of standing up for each other against injustice, no matter how small.

I know that his behavior was not a rational pursuit, since in practice humans are too skittish about standing up for themselves and too skittish against anyone whom they see as abnormal/not complying with social norms. But, this does not change the fact that he's completely in the right. I'd love to know a more effective strategy to deal with this shit from companies, if anyone knows one. What should he do instead in this situation where it is simply too unjust to him to be acceptable to give in?

Also, I'm offended at this cop for telling the guy to "be cordial". NO. The airline's behavior is not cordial! They do NOT deserve it back! Freedom of speech means freedom to get mad at someone, possibly REALLY mad, when they try to be unreasonable. Being angry is different from being violent, and the government shouldn't shield people and companies from this consequence (angry people) of their actions.


>The comments on that youtube video mocking the guy and not even addressing the airline's unreasonable policy are also an absurd lack of solidarity against these companies.

I see this a lot on reddit and youtube. I tend to think that it's bots paid for by the company.

There's always just too much unanimous agreement in favor of the corporation.

Maybe I just don't want to believe that people are that homogenized.


This really looks dystopian. But, this is the future.

No TLS certificate (which will expire soon), no boarding. /s


The likely future is where you'll be given a USB-C charger to charge your phone. If you have no phone or is broken, it will be the equivalent to having a strongly damaged passport. No fly that day, get a new phone, fly on another date, just like if you needed a new passport. The phone will be your ID, passport, credit card and everything. But since it will be all backed up in Google/Apple/Microsoft cloud, maybe you'll be able to buy a new simple phone near the gate, log in via fingerprint and facial recognition and go on your merry way. But also, once all this stuff is connected up in the cloud, maybe facial and fingerprint recognition will be enough to fly. NFC chips under the skin are probably too bad optics for the near future, but in one or two generations, attitudes will shift.

> I've never lost a boarding pass, but if you lose one, you can get it re-issued somewhere, right?

Yes, typically there's a fee for getting it printed at the check-in counter.


I had a very worn passport. I got to check-in one time and as I handed my passport to the agent my photo fell out of the back page.

They still let me fly from UK to USA and back.

This was 1997. Wild times.


How are you going to buy a new phone when you have to pay with your broken phone?


With a normal airline? You walk up to the gate, say you lost your paperwork (boarding pass, ticket, doesn't matter), show your ID, and get a new boarding pass issued within about a minute of managing to get someone's attention. At least that was my experience. No hassle, no fee.

Ryanair? I would expect them to offer you their boarding pass printing service for only $99.99 (you missed the $49.99 special that was only available until 4 hours before boarding, silly you).


Maybe we need to collectively all 'lose' our phone just before boarding at the gate, resulting in some flight delays, so that this nonsense gets reverted.


This is the sort of solidarity that we need against this insanity.


And the sort of solidarity that unfortunately will never happen. Most people will just download the app and carry on. Very few people hold the very real concern about things moving in this direction.

Your average phone user is already hostage to 7 hours of screentime daily. They don't mind installing more apps. The average person has hundreds of apps on their phone, many of which are never even used.


And they have a constant barrage of notifications, and they tap "Allow" on everything. It can be mind boggling if you spend your life in a developer-minded bubble. They watch ads. They sometimes like the ads and smile at them and don't skip them immediately.

Nothing much has changed since the times when you had to "fix" your aunt's computer in 2003 because it's "slow" and found a zillion toolbars and cleanup/speedup utilities.


Oh so I can just carry a phone with a dead battery and don't have to go through their idiotic app.


The developers of git will continue to be motivated to contribute to it. (This isn’t specific to Rust, but rather the technical choices of OSS probably aren’t generally putting the user at the top of the priority list.)


I am pretty sure that developers motivated to contribute code benefits end users plenty.


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