Aren't epipens used sometimes to restart the heart after cardiac arrest, though?

I don't think it's the first tool from the toolbox, but I'm pretty sure epinephrine has use here.

I'm not a doctor or in the medical field but I've read injected lidocaine is used to treat ventricular fibrillation.

I don't know if it's true but I am sure I also once read that lidocaine can cause a heart attack but if having one can help stop the heart attack.

Ventricular Fibrillation is not a heart attack (heart attack is already an imprecise lay term) but I don't think encouraging it's use for anything other than acute myocardial ischemia is a good idea. In that sense, lidocaine doesn't stop a heart attack. A heart attack may lead to arrhythmias like VF. But VF is not a heart attack.

Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker, it controls arrhythmias by blocking or diminishing the disorganized electrical activity going on in heart while hopefully not squelching whatever remaining dominant organized pacemaker activity there is. It is not the only antiarrhythmic though and relatively not a common one even for VF, it is not generally first line in its class. It's role in life support is a complicated subject but it is an optional drug for use in in-hospital CPR (ACLS) for VT/VF. High quality CPR and defibrillation are far more important though.

It's not often used for what's classically considered heart attacks, but it's a fun drug that can both cause and fix certain arrhythmias!

> Ahh yes, nothing treats heart hypo perfusion quite like forcing the heart into overdrive and massive vasoconstriction. Why is the US so far behind on this???

This is actually quite reasonable, especially if it’s paired with an existing defibrillator. Epinephrine is part of the advanced, cardiac life support algorithm, but it’s just not used in a pen format, since ACLS is typically performed in the hospital setting.

https://cpr.heart.org/-/media/CPR-Images/CPR-Guidelines-Imag...

Edit:

Recently, in the news, there was a discussion of using ECMO in the setting of patients who would require CPR. Take a look at this article for more: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/magazine/what-to-know-ecp...

Cardiac arrest is not the same as cardiac hypoperfusion (what people commonly call a heart attack), but it can a be a consequence of it.

Heart attacks are due to blockage of blood flow to the heart. That can cause the heart to stop (cardiac arrest) but not always.

Yes but it also holds onto oxygen more tightly, making it difficult to released to cells that need it. There's no performance enhancement here.

For a perfect solution, it would simply be a matter of subtracting one waveform from the other. I suspect both isolated voice and isolated music would have significant "noise" leftover. This would likely be more noticable in the voice due to our increased perception of odd vocal sounds.

That's incorrect.

It’s worth considering that although the absolute incidence of violence female->male is higher, common sense dictates that the incidence of terrifying and potentially seriously injurious violence is much higher male->female, which is why more concern is directed at it.

"common sense" isn't the best justification, as plenty of studies provide empirical evidence of exactly that. Iirc there's near parity in general IPV but something like a 2:1 ratio in grievous bodily harm, with even higher ratios when it comes to outright murder.

Theoretically you could have a projectile with downforce. This would allow you to break that limit. I imagine it's highly impractical though. I hadn't thought of that limit though, good comment!

Then it needs to fly, which means it cannot be spinning. And it probably needs some internal mechanisms to control that flying. Now it is more a hypervelocity drone than a inert kinetic impactor.

Perhaps working 50 hour weeks and being well rested would result in faster and more efficient learning than working 80 hours. Yes - you have to do your time, but humans don't learn well sleep deprived.

You could try and force them to work 100, or 160 hours per week and I suspect you'd rapidly find quality of work and learning nosedive.

I think it's worth considering 80 hours is already on the wrong side of that curve.

The difference here is that even if bred with a non carrier, all offspring will be homozygous, and all of their offspring ad nauseum. This is very different than a general that can be diluted or selected against.