> There are enough similarities to give them significant advantages compared to immigrants coming from other parts of the language tree.
Depends which other parts. Disadvantaged compared to German or Dutch speakers, and even French speakers, but, sure, advantages compared to other, say, people whose only prior language is Mandarin. And, of course, a big disadvantage compared to immigrants who already speak English, even if it's not American English.
But still very far from starting off even functional, much less halfway to native fluency.
> but, sure, advantages compared to other, say, people whose only prior language is Mandarin
I wouldn't understate the significant advantages.
> And, of course, a big disadvantage compared to immigrants who already speak English, even if it's not American English.
Not necessarily. A large percentage of children of immigrants speak with their family (nuclear and extended) mostly in their native language even if their parents can speak decent English. The English skills don't transfer much unless the parents are very active in their child's English education.
Depends which other parts. Disadvantaged compared to German or Dutch speakers, and even French speakers, but, sure, advantages compared to other, say, people whose only prior language is Mandarin. And, of course, a big disadvantage compared to immigrants who already speak English, even if it's not American English.
But still very far from starting off even functional, much less halfway to native fluency.