Related to this, the wasm generated by Go is currently tied to being executed in the browser.

There doesn't yet seem to be a implementable standard to define what a non-browser execution environment looks like. The beginnings of a common spec are here though, which some places have started working with:

https://github.com/CommonWA/cwa-spec

That'll likely need to make it's way into the official specs:

* https://github.com/WebAssembly/design

* https://github.com/WebAssembly/spec

At which point implementations will have something to focus on. :)

For the Go, this is the (recent) matching issue:

https://github.com/golang/go/issues/27766

Kind of guessing it'll turn into a tracking issue to get it done.