If they were taking money out of the company by buying back stocks and sucking it dry, who are the people loaning them money to do this? Your story implies they're throwing billions into these companies without expecting to get their money back.
My story does not imply that at all. Prevailing interest rates are low so investors seeking returns are willing to take increased risks, especially if the bond is still prime (so as to match their mandate). Thus the rise of BBB. At the same time, bond ratings underestimate fragility of corporate debt (what's new, history is littered with "bond ratings underestimated fragility of X"). Combined with a bunch of moral hazard on the part of people packaging everything, you have the current situation. Basically, I fundamentally blame ultra low interest rates for creating incentives, but a more proximate cause is debt financing of buybacks.
I want to see companies run well, too. Nonetheless, companies should be able to take on debt and return money to shareholders at the same time. A simple example might be moving to a new headquarters. They decide to buy a property and build an office building. They finance this with a loan or bonds, because, well, they need cash to run their company, and that's the right financial vehicle for them. At the same time, they're doing dividends or share buybacks, because their owners want them to. Another example is just, you know, buying stuff or services and getting invoiced with a later due date. That's taking on debt.
