That's what tariffs are for? Products from countries that don't tax carbon could just get a carbon tariff added on import.
On the other hand, if the US and other high-consumption countries collaborated on this it would probably be effective.
Like I said, I go back and forth on it. Or better put, I think both approaches are valid albeit with big implementation challenges.
Ironically, Germany has a fuel tax https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/energiestg/__2.html that is 4 times as high as that of California https://www.foxla.com/news/californias-gas-tax-goes-up-july-... , which apparently has the highest fuel tax in the US.
That's what tariffs are for? Products from countries that don't tax carbon could just get a carbon tariff added on import.