Historically, the development of the torpedo in the late 19th century lead to the same sorts of consternation vis-à-vis the battleship (equivalents) of their day. A small boat armed with torpedoes could easily sink the most expensive ships in a navy's repertoire. But this didn't lead to the extinction of the battleship, it lead to the development of torpedo boat destroyers (now shortened to just "destroyer") that was designed to specifically target torpedo boats. After all, ships don't go it alone in a navy; they sail as part of the fleets, and if some elements of the fleet are capable of countering the threat, that doesn't mean that the big capital ship has to be capable of countering it by itself.

I'm not a naval expert either, but I would be strongly cautious of writing the carriers' obituary just yet.