Mastering biological processes so that we can ensure that there is enough food for everyone (of a reasonable variety)[1] and that maybe the plants can do well and clean up our environment and make it nicer to live in?[2] Maybe to achieve long enough human lifespans that we can think of interstellar travel?[3]
1 - Hal Clements _Space Lash_, short story "Raindrop"
2 - L.E. Modesitt, Jr's The Forever Hero trilogy (as well as the "The Mechanic" from Space Lash)
I'd say Ian M. Banks Culture series [0]. Arguably also written in the 90ies but it draws a bit more of a positive picture. I'd love to live in an environment like that.
I've been reading 70s and 80s sci Fi and loving all of the ideas of the future they had. I don't see them today but I don't know what to read.