> Can’t the program just accidentally stash the linear type in some list and forget about it?
No, because the type of the list elements would have to be that linear type (and that linear type is not a subtype of any normal type, not even an "Any" type if you have one). So you can only put linear-typed values into a list type that obeys the rules of linear typing (so e.g. you might be able to split the list into head and tail, but you can't just drop n elements from it - and of course the type of the list itself will be linear, or maybe polymorphic in the linearness of its element type), and if you want to implement a more general-purpose list implementation you won't be able to add linear-typed values to that list.
Depends on the rest of your type system. If your language is capable of tracking whether a list is empty then it can allow dropping empty lists without a runtime check.
No, because the type of the list elements would have to be that linear type (and that linear type is not a subtype of any normal type, not even an "Any" type if you have one). So you can only put linear-typed values into a list type that obeys the rules of linear typing (so e.g. you might be able to split the list into head and tail, but you can't just drop n elements from it - and of course the type of the list itself will be linear, or maybe polymorphic in the linearness of its element type), and if you want to implement a more general-purpose list implementation you won't be able to add linear-typed values to that list.