They may not be called sanctuary cities officially, but if that idea didn't exist there, Texas Senate Bill 4 wouldn't exist in the first place. And it wouldn't be on hold and disputed today.

Texas raids the employers and deports the undocumented, but the employers are never penalized. They are performative raids, intended to intimidate undocumented workers and prevent them from organizing or pushing for better pay and working conditions. Texas has been doing this for a century, and even during the Braceros era Mexico often refused to work with Texas because of how they treat chicanos.