These filesystems are not really alternatives because mdraid supports features those filesystems do not. For example, parity raid is still broken in btrfs (so it effectively does not support it), and last I checked zfs can't grow a parity raid array while mdraid can.
I run btrfs on top of mdraid in RAID6 so I can incrementally grow it while still having copy-on-write, checksums, snapshots, etc.
I hope that one day btrfs fixes its parity raid or bcachefs will become stable enough to fully replace mdraid. In the meantime I'll continue using mdraid with a copy-on-write filesystem on top.
Like everything else in engineering it is a matter of trade offs. The setup you chose to run really hampers the usefulness of having a checksuming file system, since it cannot simply get the correct data from another drive. As a peer pointed out: ZFS does support adding additional drives to expand a RaidZ (with some trade offs). What you cannot do is change the raid topology at the fly.
I run btrfs on top of mdraid in RAID6 so I can incrementally grow it while still having copy-on-write, checksums, snapshots, etc.
I hope that one day btrfs fixes its parity raid or bcachefs will become stable enough to fully replace mdraid. In the meantime I'll continue using mdraid with a copy-on-write filesystem on top.