Credit cards often can, though European banks I've used don't do them as willy-nilly as American banks. With debit cards, charge backs are practically impossible unless payments were done in a very specific way that does not directly prove your authorization.

Do you mean Europe-based issuers of Visa- and Mastercard-branded credit and debit cards do not have chargeback processes?

Credit cards often have them, but subject to stricter terms than their American counterparts.

I don't think I've seen a European debit card that offers charge back. You can often get your money back in case of fraud or timely-reported theft of your bank cards, but it's not easy.

Poorly worded on my part. Europeans typically get debit cards and not credit cards anyway

Credit cards do. At least in Sweden it is part of the law that you as a consumer has the right to chargeback.