The Constitution doesn't guarantee warrants for all searches, let alone all "surveillance". It says two things:
* All searches & seizures will be reasonable and
* All warrants will be particular and based on probable cause.
Read an introduction to criminal law to verify that these are independent protections. The latter was intended as an antidote to the British "General Warrant", a transferable warrant that gave officials the right to toss any house in the empire.
Warrantless searches of various kinds have been been a constant throughout the history of the US. Electronic surveillance of US citizens began in the mid-1800s, when the US tapped telegraph lines prior to (and during) the civil war.
* All searches & seizures will be reasonable and
* All warrants will be particular and based on probable cause.
Read an introduction to criminal law to verify that these are independent protections. The latter was intended as an antidote to the British "General Warrant", a transferable warrant that gave officials the right to toss any house in the empire.
Warrantless searches of various kinds have been been a constant throughout the history of the US. Electronic surveillance of US citizens began in the mid-1800s, when the US tapped telegraph lines prior to (and during) the civil war.